Czech Security Forum 2025

The contemporary international system is increasingly characterised by polarization, with new alliances emerging among state and non-state actors across various old and new conflict zones in different regions of the world. This dynamic suggests a gradual bifurcation of global power into two primary blocs of the new cold war: Western-aligned states and anti-Western powers, such as Russia and China, which are often supported by so-called "rogue states" such as Iran and North Korea.

These powers seek to undermine the stability of Western-aligned states through proxy wars which are unfolding in numerous geopolitical hotspots, and by deploying information warfare to discredit and erode democratic values. This raises critical questions about the nature of these proxy wars in the current era. In what ways do they differ from those of the past? What novel strategies, technologies, or methods are being deployed by each side in these conflicts?

Furthermore, the role of ideological values in these confrontations is particularly noteworthy. Is the new cold war ultimately a clash between democracy and authoritarianism? How do the respective values of these systems shape their strategies, alliances, and influence in the international arena?

Additionally, the position of the "neutral" or "non-aligned" nations deserves careful consideration. How will these states navigate the intensifying rivalry between Western and anti-Western coalitions? Under what circumstances might these neutral actors align with one side or the other, and what factors will influence their choices? Addressing these questions is essential for understanding the evolving dynamics of the new cold war and the broader implications for the international order.